Evaluation of sperm morphology at high magnification allows the presence of vacuoles in the sperm head to be observed. This allows the spermatozoa to be classified as follows:
- Grade I: absence of vacuoles.
- Grade II: a maximum of two small vacuoles.
- Grade III: more than two small vacuoles or at least one large vacuole.
- Grade IV: large vacuoles and associated with other abnormalities.
Therefore, the higher the grade, the more morphological alterations in the spermatozoa.
Read the full article on: What are vacuoles in spermatozoa and do they have implications? ( 35).
By Mark P. Trolice M.D., F.A.C.O.G., F.A.C.S., F.A.C.E. (reproductive endocrinologist), Silvia Azaña Gutiérrez B.Sc., M.Sc. (embryologist) and Zaira Salvador B.Sc., M.Sc. (embryologist).
Last Update: 07/04/2023
