What are the effects of caffeine on fertility in men and women?

By (gynecologist), (embryologist), (embryologist), (embryologist) and (biochemist).
Last Update: 11/15/2022

Caffeine, found in coffee, tea, energy drinks and some soft drinks, is a stimulant widely consumed by the general population. However, there are studies that seem to indicate that caffeine has negative effects on both male and female fertility.

These negative effects on fertility occur when one consuemes excessive amounts. In moderation, for example if just one caffeinated drink a day is ingested, it seems to have no influence on fertility or general health.

Caffeine and female fertility

The general recommendation is to moderate caffeine consumption in women who are trying to conceive since it could influence their fertility.

According to some studies, caffeine decreases the motility of the Fallopian tubes. This can hinder the encounter between the egg and the sperm, as well as the movement of the embryo to the uterus.

Fallopian Tube Obstruction

According to different electrophysiology experiments, signs point to the fact that caffeine affects some internal filiform structures of the tube. These structures are in charge of producing the movements by which the oocytes can descend towards the uterus and meet the spermatozoa. They are the so-called pacemakers.

If the tubes are not able to produce these micro-movements of contraction, there will be no descent of the oocyte and, therefore, fertilization will not occur.

Caffeine consumption and male fertility

The effect of caffeine on male fertility is also unclear. Some studies seem to indicate that the consumption of coffee or caffeine in general could alter the metabolism of Sertoli cells. If this is the case, caffeine would affect sperm production.

However, this effect would occur only if large quantities of caffeine were consumed. Low or moderate coffee consumption appears to have no effect on the amount of sperm in the semen or on male fertility in general.

Caffeine in pregnancy

It is recommended a priori that all women who intend to become pregnant should control the amount of caffeine ingested.

Other scientific studies have shown that the consumption of more than 200 mg of caffeine daily increases the risk of miscarriage. Care must be taken with the amounts of caffeine ingested to prevent it from reaching the fetus. The fetus is not capable of eliminating caffeine because its metabolism is still immature.

There are studies that suggest that caffeine causes arterial vasoconstriction. Such narrowing of the blood vessels can lead to arrhythmias and retarded fetal growth. However, there are no clear and robust conclusions in this regard. More studies on the subject are needed to confirm the possible effects of coffee on pregnancy.

FAQs from users

How much coffee can I drink so as not to affect my fertility?

By Marta Barranquero Gómez B.Sc., M.Sc. (embryologist).

Specialists recommend consuming less than 200g per day of caffeine, which would be equivalent to approximately two to three cups of coffee or tea. These amounts of caffeine do not seem to affect fertility and, therefore, the possibility of achieving pregnancy.

It is ok to drink decaffeinated coffee during my pregnancy?

By Marta Barranquero Gómez B.Sc., M.Sc. (embryologist).

Yes, decaffeinated coffee contains minimal amounts of caffeine and, therefore, it is the alternative to coffee consumption since it is not recommended during pregnancy.

However, if it is a high-risk pregnancy, it would be advisable to consult your doctor, since in some cases it is not possible to drink decaffeinated coffee either.

What effects does coffee have on male fertility?

By Guillermo Quea Campos M.D. (gynecologist).

Generally, specialists recommend a decrease in coffee consumption in men who are seeking to achieve pregnancy. This is because caffeine can alter the metabolism of Sertoli cells involved in sperm formation and thus spermatogenesis.

One study confirmed that IVF rates decrease by approximately 30% in men who consume more than one cup of coffee a day. However, it is important to note that coffee consumption will decrease sperm motility but not sperm quality. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Can caffeine cause oligozoospermia?

By Zaira Salvador B.Sc., M.Sc. (embryologist).

Some scientific studies have associated high amounts of caffeine intake, such as coffee or coke, can lower the sperm count by 30%.

It is not that caffeine causes oligozoospermia directly, but better that is aggravates the problem especially in males with bad eating habits who drink alcohol, smoke, or take other kinds of drugs.

Despite the aforementioned effects of caffeine on fertility, lifestyle in general also influences reproductive capacity. If you want to learn more about this topic, we recommend visiting the following article: Influence of lifestyle on fertility and assisted reproduction.

However, lifestyle is not the only cause of infertility. In the following link you can read more information about other factors: What are the main causes of sterility and infertility?

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References

Hakim R. et al. Consumo de Alcohol y cafeína y decremento de la fertilidad. Fertil Steril. 1998; 70 (4):632-637. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(98)00257-X

Lyngsø J. et al. Asociación entre el consumo de café o cafeína y la fecundidad y la fertilidad: una revisión sistemática y metanálisis de dosis-respuesta. Clin Epidemiol . 2017; 15 (9): 699-719. doi: 10.2147 / CLEP.S146496.

FAQs from users: 'How much coffee can I drink so as not to affect my fertility?', 'It is ok to drink decaffeinated coffee during my pregnancy?', 'What effects does coffee have on male fertility?' and 'Can caffeine cause oligozoospermia?'.

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Authors and contributors

 Guillermo Quea Campos
Guillermo Quea Campos
M.D.
Gynecologist
Guillermo Quea, MD has a degree in Medicine and Surgery from the University of San Martin de Porres. He also has a Master's Degree in Human Reproduction from the Universidad Rey Juan Carlos and another in Public Health and Preventive Medicine from the Universidad del País Vasco. More information about Guillermo Quea Campos
Member number: 282860962
 Laura Gil Aliaga
Laura Gil Aliaga
B.Sc., M.Sc.
Embryologist
Bachelor's Degree in Biology & Biochemistry from the Miguel Hernández University of Elche (UMH) and the University of Alicante (UA). Master's Degree in Biology of Human Assisted Reproduction. Embryologist at clinic UR Vistahermosa (Alicante, Spain). More information about Laura Gil Aliaga
 Marta Barranquero Gómez
Marta Barranquero Gómez
B.Sc., M.Sc.
Embryologist
Graduated in Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences by the University of Valencia (UV) and specialized in Assisted Reproduction by the University of Alcalá de Henares (UAH) in collaboration with Ginefiv and in Clinical Genetics by the University of Alcalá de Henares (UAH). More information about Marta Barranquero Gómez
License: 3316-CV
 Zaira Salvador
Zaira Salvador
B.Sc., M.Sc.
Embryologist
Bachelor's Degree in Biotechnology from the Technical University of Valencia (UPV). Biotechnology Degree from the National University of Ireland en Galway (NUIG) and embryologist specializing in Assisted Reproduction, with a Master's Degree in Biotechnology of Human Reproduction from the University of Valencia (UV) and the Valencian Infertility Institute (IVI) More information about Zaira Salvador
License: 3185-CV
Adapted into english by:
 Michelle Lorraine Embleton
Michelle Lorraine Embleton
B.Sc. Ph.D.
Biochemist
PhD in Biochemistry, University of Bristol, UK, specialising in DNA : protein intereactions. BSc honours degree in Molecular Biology, Univerisity of Bristol. Translation and editing of scientific and medical literature.
More information about Michelle Lorraine Embleton

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